Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2007) - Togo (2002)

Compare South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2007) z Togo (2002)

	South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (2007)	Togo (2002)

Administrative divisions	-	5 regions (regions, singular - region); De La Kara, Des Plateaux, Des Savanes, Centrale, Maritime
Age structure	-	0-14 years: 45.1% (male 1,195,052; female 1,187,014) 15-64 years: 52.4% (male 1,351,345; female 1,420,617) 65 years and over: 2.5% (male 56,270; female 75,203) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	-	coffee, cocoa, cotton, yams, cassava (tapioca), corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports	-	9 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 7 914 to 1,523 m: 5 under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Area	total: 3,903 sq km land: 3,903 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes Shag Rocks, Black Rock, Clerke Rocks, South Georgia Island, Bird Island, and the South Sandwich Islands, which consist of 11 islands	total: 56,785 sq km land: 54,385 sq km water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative	slightly larger than Rhode Island	slightly smaller than West Virginia
Background	The islands, which have large bird and seal populations, lie approximately 1,000 km east of the Falkland Islands and have been under British administration since 1908 - except for a brief period in 1982 when Argentina occupied them. Grytviken, on South Georgia, was a 19th and early 20th century whaling station. Famed explorer Ernest SHACKLETON stopped there in 1914 en route to his ill-fated attempt to cross Antarctica on foot. He returned some 20 months later with a few companions in a small boat and arranged a successful rescue for the rest of his crew, stranded off the Antarctic Peninsula. He died in 1922 on a subsequent expedition and is buried in Grytviken. Today, the station houses scientists from the British Antarctic Survey. Recognizing the importance of preserving the marine stocks in adjacent waters, the UK, in 1993, extended the exclusive fishing zone from 12 nm to 200 nm around each island.	French Togoland became Togo in 1960. General Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, is Africa's longest-serving head of state. Despite the facade of multiparty elections instituted in the early 1990s, the government continues to be dominated by President EYADEMA, whose Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has maintained power almost continually since 1967. In addition, Togo has come under fire from international organizations for human rights abuses and is plagued by political unrest. Most bilateral and multilateral aid to Togo remains frozen.
Birth rate	-	36.11 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	-	revenues: $232 million expenditures: $252 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1997 est.)
Capital	-	Lome
Climate	variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow	tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Coastline	NA km	56 km
Constitution	-	multiparty draft constitution approved by High Council of the Republic 1 July 1992; adopted by public referendum 27 September 1992
Country name	conventional long form: South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands conventional short form: none abbreviation: SGSSI	conventional long form: Togolese Republic conventional short form: Togo local long form: Republique Togolaise local short form: none former: French Togoland
Currency	-	Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (XOF); note - responsible authority is the Central Bank of the West African States
Death rate	-	11.3 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	-	$1.5 billion (1999) (1999)
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina; administered from the Falkland Islands by a commissioner, who is concurrently governor of the Falkland Islands, representing Queen ELIZABETH II	-
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	chief of mission: Ambassador Karl HOFMANN embassy: Angle Rue Kouenou and Rue 15 Beniglato, Lome mailing address: B. P. 852, Lome telephone: [228] 221 29 91 through 221 29 94 FAX: [228] 221 79 52
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK, also claimed by Argentina)	chief of mission: Ambassador Akoussoulelou BODJONA chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212 FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
Disputes - international	Argentina, which claims the islands in its constitution and briefly occupied them by force in 1982, agreed in 1995 to no longer seek settlement by force	Benin accuses Togo of moving boundary markers and stationing troops in its territory
Economic aid - recipient	-	$201.1 million (1995) (1995)
Economy - overview	Some fishing takes place in adjacent waters. There is a potential source of income from harvesting finfish and krill. The islands receive income from postage stamps produced in the UK, sale of fishing licenses, and harbor and landing fees from tourist vessels. Tourism from specialized cruise ships is increasing rapidly.	This small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force. Some basic foodstuffs must still be imported. Cocoa, coffee, and cotton generate about 40% of export earnings, with cotton being the most significant cash crop despite falling prices on the world market. Political unrest, including private and public sector strikes throughout 1992 and 1993, jeopardized the reform program, shrunk the tax base, and disrupted vital economic activity. The 12 January 1994 devaluation of the XOF currency by 50% provided an important impetus to renewed structural adjustment. In the industrial sector, phosphate mining is by far the most important activity. Togo is the world's fourth largest producer, and geological advantages keep production costs low. The recently privatized mining operation, Office Togolais des Phosphates (OTP), is slowly recovering from a steep fall in prices in the early 1990's, but continues to face the challenge of tough foreign competition, exacerbated by weakening demand. Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center. It continues to expand its duty-free export-processing zone (EPZ), launched in 1989, which has attracted enterprises from France, Italy, Scandinavia, the US, India, and China and created jobs for Togolese nationals. The government's decade-long effort, supported by the World Bank and the IMF, to implement economic reform measures, encourage foreign investment, and bring revenues in line with expenditures has stalled. Progress depends on following through on privatization, increased openness in government financial operations, progress towards legislative elections, and possible downsizing of the military, on which the regime has depended to stay in place. Lack of large-scale foreign aid, deterioration of the financial sector, energy shortages, and depressed commodity prices continue to constrain economic growth. The takeover of the national power company by a Franco-Canadian consortium in 2000 should ease the energy crisis.
Electricity - consumption	-	525.21 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	435 million kWh note: electricity supplied by Ghana (2000)
Electricity - production	-	97 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 98% hydro: 2% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Paget (South Georgia) 2,934 m	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
Environment - current issues	NA	deforestation attributable to slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; water pollution presents health hazards and hinders the fishing industry; air pollution increasing in urban areas
Environment - international agreements	-	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	-	native African (37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe, Mina, and Kabre) 99%, European and Syrian-Lebanese less than 1%
Exchange rates	-	Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar - 741.79 (January 2002), 733.04 (2001), 711.98 (2000), 615.70 (1999), 589.95 (1998), 583.67 (1997); note - from 1 January 1999, the XOF is pegged to the euro at a rate of 655.957 XOF per euro
Executive branch	-	chief of state: President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA (since 14 April 1967) head of government: Prime Minister Koffi SAMA (since 29 June 2002) cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and the prime minister elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 21 June 1998 (next to be held June 2003); prime minister appointed by the president election results: Gnassingbe EYADEMA reelected president; percent of vote - Gnassingbe EYADEMA 52.13%, Gilchrist OLYMPIO 34.12%, other 13.75%
Exports	-	$306 million f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities	-	cotton, phosphates, coffee, cocoa
Exports - partners	-	Benin 12%, Nigeria 9%, Belgium 5%, Ghana 4% (2000)
Fiscal year	-	calendar year
Flag description	blue, with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands coat of arms centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms features a shield with a golden lion centered; the shield is supported by a fur seal on the left and a penguin on the right; a reindeer appears above the shield, and below it on a scroll is the motto LEO TERRAM PROPRIAM PROTEGAT (Let the Lion Protect its Own Land)	five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; there is a white five-pointed star on a red square in the upper hoist-side corner; uses the popular pan-African colors of Ethiopia
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $7.6 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: 42% industry: 21% services: 37% (2001 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - $1,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	-	2.2% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	54 30 S, 37 00 W	8 00 N, 1 10 E
Geography - note	the north coast of South Georgia has several large bays, which provide good anchorage; reindeer, introduced early in the 20th century, live on South Georgia	the country's length allows it to stretch through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Highways	-	total: 7,520 km paved: 2,376 km unpaved: 5,144 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Illicit drugs	-	transit hub for Nigerian heroin and cocaine traffickers; money laundering not a significant problem
Imports	-	$420 million f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities	-	machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, petroleum products
Imports - partners	-	Ghana 26%, France 11%, China 7%, Cote d'Ivoire 7% (2000)
Independence	-	27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA%
Industries	-	phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement; handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Infant mortality rate	-	69.32 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	2.3% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	-	ACCT, ACP, AfDB, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ITU, MIPONUH, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	3 (2001)
Irrigated land	0 sq km	70 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	-	Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Supreme Court or Cour Supreme
Labor force	-	1.74 million (1996) (1996)
Labor force - by occupation	-	agriculture 65%, industry 5%, services 30% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 1,647 km border countries: Benin 644 km, Burkina Faso 126 km, Ghana 877 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (largely covered by permanent ice and snow with some sparse vegetation consisting of grass, moss, and lichen) (2005)	arable land: 41.37% permanent crops: 1.84% other: 56.79% (1998 est.)
Languages	-	French (official and the language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (the two major African languages in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (the two major African languages in the north)
Legal system	the laws of the UK, where applicable, apply; the senior magistrate from the Falkland Islands presides over the Magistrates Court	French-based court system
Legislative branch	-	unicameral National Assembly (81 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) elections: last held 27 October 2002 (next NA 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPT 72, RSD 3, UDPS 2, Juvento 2, MOCEP 1, independents 1 note: two opposition parties boycotted the election, the Union of the Forces for Change, and the Action Committee for Renewal
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: 54.02 years male: 52.03 years female: 56.07 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	-	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 51.7% male: 67% female: 37% (1995 est.)
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of the tip of South America	Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Map references	Antarctic Region	Africa
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 12 nm exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 30 NM
Merchant marine	-	total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 2,603 GRT/2,800 DWT ships by type: specialized tanker 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Greece 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK	-
Military branches	-	Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure	-	$21.9 million (FY01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	-	1.8% (FY01)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 1,220,758 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 640,280 (2002 est.)
National holiday	-	Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Nationality	-	noun: Togolese (singular and plural) adjective: Togolese
Natural hazards	the South Sandwich Islands have prevailing weather conditions that generally make them difficult to approach by ship; they are also subject to active volcanism	hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Natural resources	fish	phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Net migration rate	-	0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	-	Action Committee for Renewal or CAR [Yawovi AGBOYIBO]; Coordination des Forces Nouvelles or CFN [Joseph KOFFIGOH]; Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA [Leopold GNININVI]; Party for Democracy and Renewal or PDR [Zarifou AYEVA]; Patriotic Pan-African Convergence or CPP [Edem KODJO]; Rally of the Togolese People or RPT [President Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA]; Union of Forces for Change or UFC [Gilchrist OLYMPIO (in exile), Jean Pierre FABRE, general secretary in Togo]; Union of Independent Liberals or ULI [Jacques AMOUZOU] note: Rally of the Togolese People or RPT, led by President EYADEMA, was the only party until the formation of multiple parties was legalized 12 April 1991
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	NA
Population	no indigenous inhabitants note: the small military garrison on South Georgia withdrew in March 2001 replaced by a permanent group of scientists of the British Antarctic Survey, which also has a biological station on Bird Island; the South Sandwich Islands are uninhabited	5,285,501 note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality and death rates, lower population and growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	-	32% (1989 est.)
Population growth rate	-	2.48% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	-	Kpeme, Lome
Radio broadcast stations	0 (2003)	AM 2, FM 9, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios	-	940,000 (1997)
Railways	-	total: 525 km narrow gauge: 525 km 1.000-m gauge (2001)
Religions	-	indigenous beliefs 51%, Christian 29%, Muslim 20%
Sex ratio	-	at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	-	NA years of age; universal adult
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: NA international: coastal radiotelephone station at Grytviken	general assessment: fair system based on a network of microwave radio relay routes supplemented by open-wire lines and a mobile cellular system domestic: microwave radio relay and open-wire lines for conventional system; cellular system has capacity of 10,000 telephones international: satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) and 1 Symphonie
Telephones - main lines in use	-	25,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	2,995 (1997)
Television broadcast stations	0 (2003)	3 (plus two repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes	gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Total fertility rate	-	5.14 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	-	NA%
Waterways	-	50 km (Mono river)

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